The Business Plan.... |
An entrepreneur begins planning by understanding their objectives
in starting a business. A plan is always a good idea. |
People write business plans for all kinds of reasons: To remind
themselves what the heck they're doing; to show to their employees, who might
wonder what the heck they're doing; to send to their mother to show her that
they're actually doing something; and to show to prospective investors,
including, perhaps, their mothers |
What should my business plan include? You'll need to
include at least five critical pieces of information in your business plan.
- Cash flow projections: this will indicate how much money -
before taxes, interest payments and expenses - you can reasonably anticipate
generating from your business in a specific period, such as a month or a year.
If you can chart two years of cash flow projections on a month-to-month basis,
it would be beneficial.
- Information that your plan's readers want to know. Your
investor needs information to convince them that your business will provide
them with a reasonable expectation of profit on their investment. In other
words, provide the details that investors need rather than the information you
want them to hear.
- How you plan to get from A to B, let alone to Z. If you plan
says you will generate revenues of $1 million in your first year, you have to
show your reader how you expect to do this.
- Your plan has to show "determination, commitment, and
competence."
- Your plan, like a real estate ad, is just a piece of paper. You
have to know what to do with it once you've written it.
What not to include in your business plan:
- Don't be too detailed. A dozen pages is sufficient.
- Be written in plain English, without jargon and without
reference to vague or unidentified sources of income, support, or financing.
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Your plan should resemble this:
- Executive summary
- the business concept and the business
- the opportunity and strategy
- the target market and projections
- the competitive advantage
- the economics, profitability, and harvest potential
- the team
- the offering
- The industry, the company, and its products or services
- the industry
- the company and concept
- the products or services
- entry and growth strategy
- Market research and analysis
- customers
- market size and trends
- competition and competitive edges
- estimated market share and sales
- ongoing market evaluation
- The economics of the business
- gross and operating margins
- profit potential and durability
- fixed, variable, and semi variable costs
- months to break-even point
- months to reach positive cash flow
- Marketing plan
- overall marketing strategy
- pricing
- sales tactics
- service and warranty policies
- advertising and promotion
- distribution
- Design and development plans
- development status and tasks
- difficulties and risks
- product improvement and new products
- costs
- proprietary issues
- Manufacturing and operations plan
- operating cycle
- geographic location
- facilities and improvements
- strategy and plans
- regulatory and legal issues
- Management team
- organization
- key management personnel
- management compensation and ownership
- other investors
- employment and other agreements, including stock option and
bonus plans
- board of directors
- other shareholder, rights and restrictions
- supporting professional advisers and services
- Overall schedule
- Critical risks, problems, and assumptions
- The financial plan
- actual income statements and balance sheets
- pro forma income statements
- pro forma balance sheets
- pro forma cash flow analysis
- break-even chart and calculation
- cost control
- highlights
- Proposed company offering
- desired financing
- offering
- capitalization
- use of funds
- investor's return
- Appendices
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